How To Draw Stairs Going Down

Stairs and Ramps

Stairs, ramps, elevators, and escalators provide access to dissimilar floor levels within or on the exterior of a structure. Stairs and ramps are frequently used in buildings 3 stories in height and less, whereas elevators and escalators are employed on buildings of four

Effigy 9-1 Shop drawings are highly detailed assembly drawings done past a subcontractor. They show a designer'south initial design and drawing with expanded views, descriptions, and construction details.

TRIM AT DOOR

Base of operations TRIM

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184 top rail

MEAD TRIM a DOOR

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EXTERIOR Meridian

STAIRS

Peak OF HANDRAIL Betwixt 34" TO 38' C8&5-9&v; Above STAIR NOSING

MIN. 60° Slope TO RISER

Drawing Stairs

OPEN RISERS NOT PERMITTED

top of handrail between 34'-3s' í0&5-9é>5; above ramp 9ura=ace within handrail on turns must be continuous handrails omitted for clarity, but required on both sides of ramp runs when ascension is over b' d5z>; or horizontal length is over 12" (18301.

NONCONTINUOUS HANDRAILS MUST EXTEND BETOND STAIRS As SHOWN AND BE PARALLEL TO FLOOR.

HANDRAILS REQUIRED AT BOTH SIDES OF STAIRS Within HANDRAIL MUST Exist CONTINUOUS ON STAIR TURNS.

tí' (38; MAXIMUM PROJECTION

Open RISERS Not PERMITTED

HANDRAILS REQUIRED AT BOTH SIDES OF STAIRS INSIDE HANDRAIL MUST BE CONTINUOUS ON STAIR TURNS.

tí' (38; MAXIMUM PROJECTION

: Figure 9-2 Stair design and construction must meet building lawmaking and ADA requirements, including rules on configuration, width, risers, treads, landings, and handrails.

noncontinuous handrails must extend 121 í30sj as shoiln and exist parallel to basis surface.

lx" (1525} by 60" (1525; landing required f ramp changes direction.

noncontinuous handrails must extend 121 í30sj as shoiln and be parallel to ground surface.

60" (1525} by threescore" (1525; landing required f ramp changes direction.

min. width 36' (9i5j acme of handrail between 34'-3s' í0&v-9é>5; to a higher place ramp 9ura=ace inside handrail on turns must be continuous

Ramp Guardrail Guidelines

handrails omitted for clarity, merely required on both sides of ramp runs when rise is over b' d5z>; or horizontal length is over 12" (18301.

Figure ix-3 Ramps must be constructed in accordance with ADA guidelines and building codes. They provide physically disabled individuals with admission to dissimilar floors.

min. width 36' (9i5j

Figure 9-three Ramps must be constructed in accordance with ADA guidelines and building codes. They provide physically disabled individuals with access to dissimilar floors.

floors or more. However, in buildings such equally shopping centers, which have high floor-to-flooring dimensions and must arrange a great number of people, escalators are commonly used. The pattern of stairs should place the least amount of physical strain on the people who use them, while reinforcing the design graphic symbol of the space and structure of the building. Designs tin can range from major or awe-inspiring stairways to stairways that are strictly for commonsensical purposes.

Stairs are ordinarily constructed from wood, steel, or concrete. Their design and construction must meet a number of building code and Americans with Disabilities Deed (ADA) requirements for configuration, width, risers, treads, landings, and handrails (Effigy 9-2). In many cases, a stair is augmented past a ramp that provides vertical transit for physically impaired individuals or ease of moving heavy objects (Figure 9-3). Interior pattern projects might involve the design and construction of a new stair or the remodel of an existing stair. Remodeling is oftentimes done to upgrade a stair in an older edifice to meet the current building codes or ADA requirements. Stairway Configurations and Terms

Stairs may be designed in a number of configurations to conform the amount of space available, the geometry of the layout, and the vertical/horizontal distance they must traverse. The nearly common stair configurations are shown in Figure 9-4. Their basic arrangements tin be described by the following categories: directly run, correct-angle run, reversing run, and some form of circular run. Figure 9-5 illustrates some of the most commonly used stair terms, defined below:

Baluster — the vertical components that hold the handrail. These are spaced to forbid people from falling through. These are governed past building codes and are

Code For Ada Stairs

usually a maximum clearance to prevent a iv-inch (101.6 mm) sphere from passing through.

Guardrail — a rail that is used on the landings or floor levels to preclude people from falling between floor levels. It is usually a minimum of 36 inches high in residential and 42 inches high in commercial buildings.

Handrail — a continuous section of railing adjacent to a stair for a person to grasp as an help when ascending or descending. Building codes closely command whether the railing is on 1 or both sides of the stair, its height above the floor, and other specifics.

Headroom — the minimum clearance betwixt the edge (or nose) of the tread and any role of an obstruction above.

straight run

- MUST HAVE INTERMEDIATE LANDING F R-OOR TO H-OOR HEIGHT I» AOO^B a FT.

l-shape

- CTTEN USED IN COWERS

- RH OR Flight CF STAIRS MAT BE EOUAL OR LKEOLLAL CN EACH SIDE OF LANDING

- U-9HAPE STAIRS ARE OFT» USED IN SERIES SUCH AS STAIRUAYS BemesN mant floors of

HIGH-Rising BUILDINGS

- USED PRIMARILY ONLY IN RESIDENTIAL, AS THEY CAN Be Hazardous AND HOT PERMITTED By Almost COMMERCIAL CODES AS AN egress STAIR

- USED WHEN THEFC IB NOT Plenty TOOM FOR AN L-6HAPE STAIR

- rwinieuasfireexitstairs

IN ac*-« CASES WITH AN AffROVED RADIUS

RESID^CES

- CAN BE Difficult TO Behave LAR5E OBJECTS Upwards « DOWN STAIRS IF SMALL RADIUS IS USED

- Spiral STAIRS Tin ^SEMBLE CUfWED STAIRS ILHEN THET Accept A LARGE RADIUS

: INTEWEI3IATE LANDINS -MINI. LENGTH EQUAL TO STAIR UIDTH

■SHAPED STAIRS CAN

$- MODIMCATIONS CAN \ BE MADB FOR STAIR \ FLIGHTS TO RJ4 IN \ M ANT DICTIONS-1$: - MODIMCATIONS Tin can \ BE MADB FOR STAIR \ FLIGHTS TO RJ4 IN \ Thou ANT DICTIONS-1

: Pic STARS AFC É^TEN iSN UIALONG DOIIN T1-E8E STAJRS

■LANDINGS

OUADRANT <V4) OF THE CYLINDER

■LANDINGS

OUADRANT <V4) OF THE CYLINDER

SIDE < Program VIEWS

LANDw STAIR ¿AND 4 STAIR UAND&

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Figure 9-4 Stairs can be synthetic in a number of different configurations, depending on the corporeality of infinite available and the distance between floors.

plan view

Figure ix-v (far left) Typical parts of a stair.

-STAIF» CAN f*e MADE More than \ plan view MANAGEABLE By Starting time N3 T^E CCNVERSS^CE OF Tl-Eastward COWCR STAIRS—

5 Fifty^DiNt

Landing — the floor or platform at the beginning or end of a stair, or betwixt two or more stair runs. Newel — the terminating baluster at the lesser or top of a stair, which is usually larger than the other balusters. Nosing — the part of the tread that overhangs the riser, reducing the problem of a person accidentally kicking the riser as they ascend the stair.

Rising — the full vertical distance that is traveled on a stair. Information technology is the perpendicular measurement between floor levels and the sum of all the riser heights. Riser — the vertical part of a stair betwixt the treads. Run — the full horizontal depth of a stair, which is the sum of the treads.

Stringer — the structural support for the stair treads and risers. This is too referred to equally a carriage. It might be exposed on a utilitarian stair, or hidden with various finishes on more decorative stairs.

Tread — the horizontal part of a stair that the pes bears down upon.

Winder - the wedge-shaped tread in a turn of the stairway run - found mostly in residential work, because commercial building codes restrict these.

Drafting Standards

The design and cartoon details needed to illustrate a stair are dependent upon the complication of the stair and the basic structural material it is synthetic of. Stair systems are fabricated primarily of wood, steel, or concrete. Wood stairs are more often than not used in residential structure and are generally the simplest to draw and detail. Stairs are shown on the flooring plans and called out as to their bones widths and number of treads and risers. The plan also shows the run and an pointer indicating whether the stairs go upwards or downwards from that level. Floor-plan views of stairs often cannot show all the materials and cross-exclusive parts of their assemblies. Special stair sections (Figure 9-6) are ofttimes drawn to prove the construction and finish details. In almost cases, the designer does not have to draw every detail of a stairway and its many components. The fabricators of metal, physical, and some wood stairs often make shop drawings. These detailed drawings are submitted to the designer for review.

Calibration of Drawings

The calibration of stairway drawings is by and large V8" = 1'-0" (1:100 metric) or W = 1'-0" (1:fifty metric), both in plan and elevation views. The number of treads and risers, every bit well as their dimensions, are chosen out here. Generic features such as the handrails and guardrails are also shown in both the plan and meridian views. By and large, handrails seen in peak views are placed at a compatible top 30-34 inches (762-864 mm) in a higher place the stair nosing. In commercial projects with steel or concrete stairs, a large-scale drawing and stair section are required to fully explain these stair details and handrail/guardrail specifics. These are fatigued at a scale of at to the lowest degree V2" = ane'-0" (1:20 metric) and cross-referenced to the flooring plans.

To make up one's mind the number of treads and risers a stair must take, the vertical dimension between floor levels must be known. This vertical dimension is divided by the maximum riser height immune by the building codes. At this writing, most residential stairs are limited to a maximum riser height of 8 inches (203 mm) and a minimum tread depth of ix% inches (235 mm). Commercial codes restrict the maximum height of a riser to 7 inches (178 mm), with

Architectural Drawing Ramp

a minimum tread depth of xi inches (280 mm). In a residential building, the typical vertical dimension might be 9'-10", or 106 inches (2.69 m). The designer divides 106 past viii to find the minimum number of risers needed, which is 13.2. If simply 13 are used, each riser volition be slightly over 8 inches, which is not allowed according to the code. Rounding up to 14 will ensure each riser is slightly below the allowed 8 inches.

To discover the total number of treads, recollect that there is e'er ane tread fewer than number of risers, equally the floor levels at each stair stop are non counted as treads. In our example, there would be thirteen treads at 9 inches (229 mm) each, for a resulting stair run of 13 ten 9" = nine feet, 11 inches (3.02 m).

Effigy 9-6 Stair sections are frequently fatigued to detail out the construction and finish components, which are not shown in plan views.

plan.

Checklist for Stairways

General

• If a separate enlarged cartoon is done for the stairway, primal it and cross-reference to the floor plans.

• Testify stairs in their entirety where possible, or use break lines where they continue on another floor level.

• Check stair widths, riser heights, tread widths, landing widths, and other particulars against the advisable edifice codes and ADA requirements. Verify required dimensions and clearances.

Notations

• Telephone call out direction of travel (up or down) on each section of stairway, and point with an arrow.

Dimensioning Stairways

Stairways are dimensioned on the floor plans every bit to their landing sizes, widths, and run of each stair, as seen in Figure 9-seven. The total number and dimensions of the risers and runs are also shown on the plan. Vertical heights of the stair rise, handrails, and other particulars are dimensioned on a separate section or top drawing that is cross-referenced to the plan view (Figure 9-8). Designation of Materials

A stair's materials can be indicated in a number of different ways, depending upon how many materials at that place are and the size and complexity of the construction. Underlying structural materials might be called out with notes or shown in a sectional view. If the structural material is also the finished surface, this should be called out. If a separate terminate textile covers the stair, this might be called out in the department view, program view, or on a separate end

Effigy nine-7 This enlarged plan of a stairway shows the dimensions of the landings, the widths and the run of each stair, risers, treads, and other details.

Figure 9-8 Stair sections show heights of the stair rise, handrails, and other details, cross-referenced to the plan view.

Stair Plan And Section

FIRST Floor STAIRIUAY

Figure 9-8 Stair sections show heights of the stair rise, handrails, and other details, cantankerous-referenced to the plan view.

ENTRY

Staircase Plan View

FIRST FLOOR

LOWER LEVEL

Commencement Flooring

ENTRY

LOWER LEVEL

STAIR SECTION

• Note handrails and other trim. Fundamental to where these can be found in more detail.

• Call out materials where stairs are shown in department view, including structural and stop components.

• Cross-reference to whatever structural plans where they are provided.

Dimensions

• Telephone call out number and widths of treads, as well as number and height of risers.

• Dimension the total run of stairs in both programme and department views.

• Dimension the width of the stairs and whatever landings.

• Dimension treads, nosings, risers, landings, and handrail locations in sectional views of stairways.

Millwork

Architectural plans are often drawn at a scale too small to show adequate detail for cabinetry and millwork such equally moldings, paneling, miscellaneous trim, and casings for doors and windows. These components are fatigued and detailed at a large scale and cross-referenced to the bones plans. Millwork and cabinetry, as well referred to as architectural woodwork, can include both manufactured stock components and custom woodwork that is assembled on the jobsite (Figure 9-nine). Although some designers include cabinetry under the category of millwork, it will be treated hither as a separate classification due to the specialized drawings needed to describe information technology.

Figure nine-9 This large-calibration drawing shows the placement of stock-manufactured base cabinets.

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